Ceiling construction.



NQ, 744,692. PATENTENNOV.-117,]19'03 W. DA. RYAN.

CEILING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED DEO. 22, 1902;

No MODEL. 4 SHEETS-'SHEET 1.

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No. 744,692. PATENTED NOV. 17. 1903.

' W. DA. RYAN.

CEILING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION IILIID. DB0. 2z, 1902. No MODEL. 4 sHBETs-sHNET z.

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No. 744.692. PATENTE)l Nov. 17,1903.

W. DA. RYAN.

CEILING CONSTRUCTION. APPLIGATON FILED DB0. 22, 1902. No MODEL. L l4SHEETS-SHEET a.

No. 744,692. PATENTED NOV. 17,-1903.

W. DA. RYAN.

CEILING CONSTRUC'IIUN.

APPLICATION FILED DEO. 22, 1902.

N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

' UNITED STATES Aatented Niovember 1'7, 1903.

PATENT EEICE.

WALTER DA. RYAN, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF TWO-TI-IIRDS TOLONGLEY L. SAGENDORPI-I, OFPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AND HARLAN P.LLOYD, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

CEILING CONSTRUCTION...

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No: 744,692, dated`I`L\l'ovemloer 17, 1903. Application led December 22, 1902. SerialIl'o.` 136 ,220. (No model.)

To otZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER DA. RYAN, a su bject of the vKing of GreatBritain and Ireland, and a resident of Lynn, Massachusetts,

ments in ceiling construction; and it consistsy 1o more particularly ofan improved form of pressed-out plate or equivalent structure primarilydesigned to form a portionof a ceiling which shall serve as a reflectorfor an electric or other lamp.

A further object of my invention is to provide a form of ceilingconstruction whose parts shall bear such relation to a suitablysupportedlamp that the uneven and objectionable distribution of light due tovariations in the position of the source of lightas, for example, thetraveling of the arc of an electric lamp-shall be corrected.

These objects I attain as hereinafter set forth, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, in which- A Figure 1 is an interiorperspective view of a room, showing my improved ceiling construction asused in connection with the arclights, whereby the interior of said roomis 3o illuminated. Fig. 2 is `an inverted plan view of a unit portion ofmy improved ceiling-reflector, showing the preferred method of unitingthe light-reflecting portion thereof with rectangular ceiling-plates.Fig. 3 is an inverted plan View of a special form of my improvedconstruction. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation taken'through the centerof one of my reflector ceiling-sections. Fig. 5 is a sectional plan viewtaken on the lline 5 5, Fig. 4.

4o Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of a portion of a ceiling-section,showing the construction of the same when used without the' outside orsecond reflecting-surface. ,'Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation showing myimproved ceiling constructionas used with a solid backing. Fig. 8 is asectional elevation of al portion of my improved reiiector, showing thepaths taken by various rays of light emitted from an electric arc,especially illustrating the ac- 5o tion of the reflector when the arc ison one side of the carbon tips; and Figs. 9, 10, and l1 are diagrammaticviews illustrating special forms 'of reflecting-surfaces constructedac-` cording to my invention.

Referring to Fig. 4 of the above drawings, 55 A represents the plasteror other body portion of a ceiling, which in the present case isprovided with wooden furring-strips a2, there vbeing a ring a', of anysuitable material, fastened to these strips and serving to sup- 6o portthe outer ed geef a reflecting-surface B. This in the case illustratedis constructed of l'sheet metal and may bedescribed as ofa conicalshape, having a series of annular corrugations or projections b2 lyingin planes 65 parallel with the, base. These corrugations b2, as shown inthe figures, increase progress- .ively inamplitude from near the apex ofthe conical surface toward its base, said apex being cut away to permitof the passage of an 7o electric lamp C,'which in the case illustratedis of the inclosed-arc type and hung from a hook c or any otherconvenient supporting device suitably fastened to the ceiling. Ifdesired, these corrugations or annular projections maybe ofy any of thevarious forms illustrated in Figs. 9, 10, and 11.

In order to facilitate the operation of installing the lamp or, ofremoving it, I preferably form the portion of the corrugated re- 8o`iiecting-surface adjacent toits apex in .a piece b separate from theremainder, supporting the edge of the main portion of saidreflecting-surface by means of a metallic ring c', carried by pieces c2,held to the fnrring-strips 8 5 a2 i-n anyl desired manner.

While the surface B is shown and described as corrugated, it is to beunderstood that I do not desire to confine myself exclusively to thespecific construction shown in Figs. 4 and 8, 9o since other forms ofannular projecting p0rtions-as, for example, those shown in Figs..

9, 10, and ll-may be employed either as comprising or as part of saidsurface B.

I preferably place the lamp C so that itsl center ofl light c? will beformed at some point below the imaginary apex of the corrugated surfaceB, while the upper. portion of said lamp is hidden within theceiling-section, there being also an opal or clear-glass inclos- 10oing-globe c4 and a shade c5, usually of translucent material, for moreevenly distributing the rays of light thrown down from said lamp. In thepresent instance I prefer that the said shade shall be primarily aredector, and for this purpose silver it, so that its surface answersthis requirement, or I form it Wholly of some light-refiecting material.

In order to provide for a uniform distribution of the light emitted bythe lamp irrespective of the position of the are, I place a concavereflecting-surface D outside of and surrounding the surface B, saidsurface D being made to extend from the base or outer edge of thesurface B to a horizontal plane preferably slightly under or passingthrough the source of light.

It will of course be understood that when there is no objection to theuneven distribution of light caused by traveling of the are thereflecting portion D may be omitted and the concentrically corrugated orfluted surface B used by itself, being grooved at its edge, if desired,for direct junction to various forms of ceiling-plates. It will befurther noted that the reflecting-section may have a solid backing,which in the form shown in Fig. 7 is of some material-as, for example,plaster-of-paris-capable of' being molded to form the corrugations orflutings of progressively-increasing amplitude and which is in itself ofa nature to efficiently reflect the light from the lamp. When such aconstruction is employed, I provide a recess in the solid portion, intowhich the upper part of a lamp may be inserted for a distance sufficientto bring the source of light in a proper position v relatively to thereiiecting-surface.

The practical action of my invention is illustrated diagrammatically inFig. 8, Where an electric arc is shown as formed to one side of a pairof carbon tips, in which position a very large portion of the light iscut ed from the side of the carbons opposite to that on which said areis formed. A certain portion of the light-rays (indicated at l) strikethe corrugations or annular projections of the surface B and arereflected down within the area which it is desired to illuminate.Oertain others of the rays 2 strike the inner surface of the shade c5,and being thereby reflect- Y ed upwardly onto the corrugated surface Bare in turn reflected downwardly upon the area under the lamp.

It will be noted that if the surface B Were not corrugated all of theabove-mentionedV are reliected thereby, as indicated at 3, downwardlyWithin the area to be illuminated. This latter reflecting-surface is sodesigned and placed that when the are is to one side of the carbons, andtherefore delivering by far the greater portion of its light t0 theadjacent portions of the reflector, a large proportion of the light isrefiected to the opposite side of the space Io be illuminated.

In addition to the above-noted rays of light there are other rays whichstrike the outer curved portions of the corrugations-as, for example,those indicated at Li-which are reflected onto the surface D and fromthere turned downwardly, as well as across to the opposite side of thelamp. It will therefore be noted that by the use of a surface such as B,having corrugations or annular projections of progressively-increasingamplitude as they depart from the source of light, I am enabled toprevent the loss of those rays of light which would ordinarily berefiected at such an angle as to be practically valueless for thepurpose of illuminating objects or areas adjacent to the lamp, while bythe use of the outer concave surface D the objectionable laek ofuniformity at any given point to be villuminated is obviated, since bythis device the whole of the area served by a lamp provided therewithsecures a uniform illumination irrespective of the position of the arc.Moreover, by the use of the shade c5 all direct rays of the arc are cuto, thus making it concealed or semicon eealed, While practicallyutilizing all the light emitted in eflicient illumination.

I claim as my inventionl. A reflector having a reflecting-surfaceprovided with a series of projections of progressively-varying amplitudefor throwing down upwardly-emitted rays of an arc-lamp placed adjacentto said surface, and a second reliectingsurface formed concave to saidsource of light and so placed relatively thereto that the areathereunder is illuminated with substantial uniformity irrespective ofvariations in position of the arc relatively to the carbons of the lamp,substantially as described.

2. A reflecting ceiling-section adjacent to a source of light, saidsection including two reflecting surfaces or sets of surfaces, one ofthe same consisting of a series of annular projections ofprogressively-increasing amplitude and the other consisting of a curvedsurface concave to the source of light and surrounding said firstsurface, substantially as described.

3. A reflecting ceiling-section having a reflecting-surface formed in aseries of curved sections of progressively-varying amplitude ofcurvature as they depart from a plane of reference, in combination witha second reflecting-surface forming substantially a continuation of thefirst surface and having an amplitude of projection beyond the plane oflOO IIO

reference of the first surface greater than that of any of said curvedsections, substantially as described.

4. A reflector having a plurality of parts held together so as to form acontinuous retiecting-surface, in combination with means for removablyholding one of said parts in position, both of said parts of thereiector being corrugated and the removable part having. an opening fora lamp at its center, substantially as described.

5. A substantiallyconical reflecting ceiling-section having an openingfor the passage of a lamp placed in the line of its axis, said sectionhaving a detachable part adjacentto the opening, a reinforcing-piece forthe edge of the main portion of thesection and means for supporting saidreinforcing-piece independent of the reflecting portions, substantiallyas described.

6.v A substantially conical reflecting-surface, a series of annularprojections in said surface progressivelyincreasin g in amplitude towardthe base thereof in combination with a second reliecting-surface concaveto the apex of the conical surface, and extending outwardly anddownwardly until it is adjacent to a plane passing through said apexparallel to the base of said surface, substantially as described.-

7. A reiiector for a lamp, the same consisting of a substantiallyconical surface provided with a series of concentric corrugations saidcorrugations increasing in amplitude from the apex of the surface towardits base, substantially as described.

8. A reiiector for a lamp, the same consisting of a substantiallyconical surface provided with a series of annular projecting portions,said annular projecting portions extending farther from a common surfaceof reference as they depart from the apex of the surface toward itsbase, substantially as described. v

9. The combination of a substantially conical refiector with a source oflight placed at a point outside of the same but in the line of the axisthereof, said surface having aseries of corrugations increasing inamplitude from its apex toward its base, said corrugations beingsubstantially parallel with said base, substantially as described.

10. A reflector having a refiecting-surface formed with a series ofprojections of progressively-Varying amplitude, with a secondreflecting-surface placed adjacent to the apex of said first surface anda source of light between said two surfaces, said second reflector beingconcave in form, substantially as described.

11. The combination of a substantially conical reflecting-surface havinga series of annular corrugations increasing in amplitude from its apextoward its base, with a concave refiecting-surface adjacent to the apexof said conical surface and a source of light between said two surfaces,substantially as described. 1

12. A reflector having a reflecting-surface concave to a source oflight, a second reflecting-surface formed with aseries of projections ofprogressively-varying amplitude and adjacent to said concave surface,and a second concave reflectingsurface extending from the externalperiphery of the said second reflecting-surface, substantially asdescribed.

13. The combination of a concave reflecting-surface, a substantiallyconical reflectingsurface havinga series of annular projections ofincreasing amplitude from its apex to its base, a source of lightsupported between said two reflecting-surfaces and a thirdreecting-surface extending from the base of the conicalretiecting-surface, substantially as described. j

14. A reflector for alamp, the saine consisting of a piece of sheetmaterial having a series of concentric corrugated reflecting-surfaces,those of the surfaces farthest from the center having an amplitude ofcorrugation j greater than those adjacent thereto, substantially asdescribed.

15. A reflector for a lamp, having a surface formed with a series ofconcentric corrugations, said corrugations progressively increasing inamplitude as they depart from the cenv ter, substantially as described.

16. A reflector for a lamp, the same having a series ofreIiecting-surfaces at different distances from the lamp, said surfacesprojecting for varying amounts beyond a common surface of reference andhaving between them areas shadowed from the lamp, substantially asdescribed.

17. A reflector for a lamp, the same having a series of double-curvedreiiecting-surfaces projecting for progressively-increasing distancesfrom a common surfacekof reference, in combination with a seconddouble-curved redecting-surface, outside of said'series of surfaces andconcave to the lamp, substantially as described.

18. A reflector for a lamp having a surface formed with a series ofcorrugations of progressively-varying amplitude,in combination with anadditional surface beyond said corrugated portion and placed concave tothe lamp, substantially as described.

In testimonywhereof I have signed my name.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM E. BRADLEY, Jos. H. KLEIN.

IOC

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